DIRECT MEASUREMENTS (LINEAR MEASUREMENT METHOD) | SURVEYING
DIRECT MEASUREMENTS The various methods of measuring the distances directly are as follows: 1. Pacing 2. Measurement with passometer 3.…
FLOOD DAMAGES
FLOOD DAMAGES There are two types of flood damages : 1) Direct damage 2) Indirect damage 1) Direct damage :…
CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS | highway Engineering
CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS The roads are classified as under : (a) Depending on use during different seasons : The roads…
BOT PROJECTS FOR HIGHWAYS | highway Engineering
BOT PROJECTS BOT means Build, Operate and Transfer. It is a contractual arrangement where the contractor undertakes the construction, including…
CHARACTERISTICS OF ROAD TRANSPORT & ADVANTAGES OF ROADS | Highway Engineering
CHARACTERISTICS OF ROAD TRANSPORT All of us know that road transport is nearest to the people. The passengers and the…
SCOPE OF HIGHWAY ENGINEERING | HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
SCOPE OF HIGHWAY ENGINEERING The road pavements are generally constructed on small embankments, slightly above the general ground level wherever…
METHODS OF POPULATION FORECASTS | ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
POPULATION FORECAST (POPULATION PROJECTION): The data about the present population of a city under question can always be obtained from…
WATER DEMANDS | ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
WATER REQUIREMENTS (WATER DEMANDS) Before designing a proper water supply project it is very important to determine the quantity of…